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Biofouling, the attachment of organisms like algae and barnacles, increases ship surface roughness, leading to higher fuel consumption, operational costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Antifouling paints, classified into biocidal, foul release (FR), and biocide-free hard inert coatings, are used to prevent this. Biocidal coatings, mainly copper-based, release biocides affecting non-target organisms. HullMASTER, developed in the HÅLL1 project as a decision-support tool, compares operational and socio-environmental costs of different hull maintenance strategies. Specifically, the model evaluates operational costs (hull cleaning, dry docking, paint application) and social and environmental damage costs (climate change, air quality, marine eutrophication, marine ecotoxicity) based on different hull maintenance strategies. The HÅLL2 project aimed to expand HullMASTER's coverage from the Baltic Sea to European waters, include more antifouling strategies, and assess fouling growth and biocide release in various marine environments.